ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipoca-lin(NGAL) and kidney injury molecule 1(KIM-1) in children after contrast media administration and evalu-ate the effect of hydration therapy. Methods A total of 58 patients with urinary system diseases who were admitted to Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from March 2012 to March 2014 for intravenous pyelography(IVP) in pediatric department were enrolled. The 58 patients were randomly divided into hydra-tion group of 28 patients and non-hydration group of 30 patients. Contemporaneous 24 patients received respiratory system enhanced CT examination without urinary tract diseases and hydration were enrolled as control group. Urine NGAL and KIM-1 of the three groups at 0 h,24 h,48 h,72 h,96 h after using intravenous contrast media were detected by ELISA. Serum creatinine of the three groups at 0 h,48 h,96 h after using intravenous contrast media were detected. Results All of the 82 subjects in this study didn′t occur contrast- induced acute kidney injury. The urinary NGAL of non-hydrated group significantly increased at 24 h and 48 h after contrast media administration ( P < 0. 05 ) and the urinary NGAL of hydrated group significantly increased at 48 h and 72 h(P<0. 05). But the urinary NGAL at 24 h and 48 h of the hydration group were lower than these of the non-hydrated group,there were statistically significant differences(P<0. 05). At 24 h,48 h and 72 h after contrast media administration,the level of urine KIM-1 in the non-hydration group sig-nificantly increased(P<0. 05). Urine KIM-1 at 48 h and 72 h in the hydration group significantly increased (P<0. 05). But the urine KIM-1 at 24 h,48 h and 72 h of the hydration group were lower than these of the non-hydration group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0. 05). Comparison of urine NGAL and KIM-1 at different times before and after contrast media administration in children receiving enhanced CT examination who without urinary tract disease showed no statistically significant differences ( P >0. 05 ). Conclusion The urine NGAL and KIM-1 of children with urinary system diseases increase after contrast media administration and there is a trend of spontaneous recovery. Hydration intervention can alleviate the up-ward trend of urine NGAL and KIM-1. For children receiving enhanced CT examination but without urinary system diseases,the change of urine NGAL and KIM-1 are not significant.
ABSTRACT
En el paciente hipotiroideo la creatinina sérica puede aumentar no solo por fallo renal, sino también por miopatía en presencia de función renal normal. Se reportan 2 pacientes representativos de sendos tipos de la clasificación aquí propuesta sobre la asociación disfunción tiroidea / creatinina sérica. El primer enfermo presenta aumento de la creatinina sérica secundario a miopatía hipotiroidea con función renal normal, tipo I, esta se puede complicar con rabdomiolisis y causar insuficiencia renal aguda en hipotiroideos no diagnosticada. El otro paciente con creatina sérica alta mejoró su función renal al tratarse su hipotiroidismo, tipo 2. Ocasionalmente, este ha permanecido oculto y al ser diagnosticado y tratado, se mejora la función renal. El hipotiroidismo cursa con hipercolesterolemia y si no se valora la función tiroidea y se administran estatinas, se empeora el daño muscular del paciente. Lo mismo ha sucedido con el uso de gemfibrozil en condiciones similares. El tercer tipo de daño renal relacionado con hipotiroidismo es la proteinuria en rango de síndrome nefrótico, vinculada con suspensión de la levotiroxina. Las biopsias muestran lesiones histológicas de diversas glomerulopatías, que mejoran con la administración de levotiroxina. En pacientes con tiroiditis de Hashimoto aparecen otras glomerulopatías que responden a los glucocorticoides...
In patients with hypothyroidism is possible to find an increased serum creatinine not only due to renalfailure but to myopathy in presence of normal renal function. Two patients, each representing 1 type of a proposed classification regarding thyroid dysfunction and abnormal creatinine are presented, in order to communicate thisrelationship, until now based on isolated reports. The first individual had an increased serum creatinine withnormal renal function due to hypothyroid myopathy (type 1). Rhabdomyolysis related to this myopathy is pointed as a cause of acute renal failure. The 2nd patient had an increased serum creatinine with abnormal kidney function (type 2),which improved when he became euthyroid after levothyroxine administration. The diagnosis of hypothyroidism is often missed in patients with altered renal function, if it becomes evident and is properly treated the renal function will improve. As isknown hypothyroidism causes hypercholesterolemia, if such patient unknowingly receives statins or gemfibrozil, severe rhabdomyolysis and renal falilure may occur, as reported inthe literature. The 3d category of the classification is the occurrence of nephrotic syndrome in hypothyroid patients who discontinue T4 treatment due to thyroid cancer for further studies or by patient non adherence, developingsignificant proteinuria few months later. Kidney biopsy lesions vary from membranous glomerulopathy tomembranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. These findingswill resolve with the administration of levothiroxine, without glucocorticoids. However patients with nephrotic syndrome related to Hashimoto thyroiditis will improve withglucocorticoids.